This vitamin (really a prohormone, but let’s not worry about that here) is essential for bone health and is turning out to be important in depression, heart disease, diabetes, and just about everything. Maintaining vitamin D levels has to be the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health and increase your life expectancy.

Some estimate that 50% of adults have low levels of vitamin D because we simply don’t get outside that much (sitting by a window doesn’t count, the glass filters too much of the sunlight).

Taking vitamin D supplements and eating foods rich in vitamin D are also effective ways to increase the amount of this vitamin you get.

Elderly people need to pay special attention to their vitamin D levels. If you are a caregiver, be sure to assist your loved one in getting outside just a little bit every day. Not only will this improve vitamin D levels, but it could also improve sleep because sunlight also regulates another hormone in the body called melatonin that controls your sleep cycle.

We are not sure why relationships play a role in health and life expectancy. It could be that people in positive relationships are less likely to take on risky behaviors and are more likely to take care of themselves. It could be that having people around you reduces the impact of stress on your health.

One way of improving your relationships with people is to get in the habit of telling good stories. Stories are how we communicate with one another, and telling a good story strengthens communications.

Rather than just give a dry update on the phone to distant family members, tell a story about something funny your kid did or something crazy that happened at work. Stories keep relationships alive.

Make more time for friends and family. Go do things together (create stories together), and make a real effort to improve your communication with them (whether by e-mail, phone, or in person) by having a good story always ready for the telling.

The easiest way to create an exercise habit is through daily repetition. When you promise yourself to exercise daily, you may skip a day but then get back on the program the following day.

If you are exercising three times a week and skip Friday, then you would have gone from Wednesday to Monday without exercising—a total of four days with no exercise (very dangerous, from a habit-building perspective).

Daily exercise will also help improve your sleep and your energy level. It is important to just rev up your whole body each day. Remember, daily exercise doesn’t have to mean going to the gym every day. Home exercises, such as yoga, stretching, free weights, and more, can be incredibly effective.

When you floss, you help prevent your gums from becoming inflamed. What is happening when your gums are inflamed is that you have a chronic bacterial infection in your mouth. This harms your arteries through two mechanisms.

The first is that the bacteria find their way into your arteries and hang out (causing plaques). As well, your body mounts an immune response to the bacteria in your mouth, causing inflammation, which in turn can cause your arteries to narrow. This makes it hard for your heart to do its job and can lead to heart disease.

How do you get into a solid flossing habit? First, you need to make sure you have some floss. There are tons of different kinds of floss (flavored, unflavored, strings, ribbons, and more). Pick some and give them a try.

Next, you have to remember. Put your floss on top of your toothpaste. Hard to forget that way. Then just do it. You already have a habit of brushing your teeth at least twice daily, so just anchor your flossing habit to that.

Why sex should be linked to life expectancy is something of a mystery. Of course, it could be that healthier people are more likely to have more sex and that the findings linking sex to life expectancy are reflecting this, but I think there is more to it.

We have seen elsewhere that having good relationships and being positive are linked to longer life expectancies. Maybe sex is a market for good, positive relationships.

Of course, there could be a direct health benefit as well. Sex triggers all sorts of endorphins and hormones in the body. Maybe these help with healthy aging and increasing life expectancy. But who really cares about the reason? The simple fact is that having more sex is healthy.

There are some vegetarians who are “junk food vegetarians.” These types of vegetarians eat cheese pizzas and ice cream all day long. That is not good for health or life expectancy.

What we mean is the person who is eating lots of vegetables prepared in healthy fats (such as olive oil) while limiting animal products, such as cheese and cream. We’ll call this type of vegetarian a “whole foods vegetarian.”

The leading cause of death and the number one shortener of life expectancy in the U.S. is heart disease. As your heart ages, there can be a build of gunk in your arteries and your arteries themselves can become harder.

This causes your blood pressure to rise and your heart to work harder, leaving you at risk for heart disease. Vegetarians (whole foods vegetarians) have some of the best arteries around because eating healthy vegetables avoids bad fats and other unhealthy foods.

People who eat lots of vegetables also take in lots of antioxidants. Antioxidants help your body repair some of the damage caused by aging. The more plants you eat (and the greater variety) the more raw materials your body has to make repairs. 

Finally, vegetables simply fill you up with very few calories (if prepared without creams, butter or cheese). A healthy vegetarian diet should help maintain or lose weight. A healthy weight is tied to a longer life expectancy. So, be more like a vegetarian to increase your life expectancy and live healthier.

The second way stress may shorten your life expectancy is through the negative behaviors that being stressed triggers. These behaviors include comfort eating and smoking. Learn to relax through de-stressing techniques or meditation to keep your life expectancy up where it should be.

Stress has also been linked (no surprise) to feeling irritable and not sleeping well. By focusing on stress, you can improve your quality of life right now while improving your long-term health and life expectancy too. That’s a pretty good deal.

You can de-stress through a wide range of stress reduction techniques. Ibe is called the relaxation response. This is a scientifically proven breathing technique that will help train your body not to respond to the stressful events in your life.

A long-term relaxation technique is meditation. By learning how to meditate, you not only calm your body, but you begin to train your mind. This is great for mental fitness, concentration, and (of course) relaxation.

Of course, the challenge is figuring out what tests to take when. Only your healthcare provider can really tell you 100% (every individual is different in terms of risk factors and family history). Mammograms, colonoscopies, and Pap smears have been proven to decrease mortality and morbidity from the diseases they screen for.

Here are ​a few reasons:

Watching TV makes you inactive. You just sit there burning as few calories as possible, which could lead to weight problems. TV makes you eat more junk food. People who are watching TV eat more than those who don’t. TV makes you antisocial. You are at home, zoned in, instead of talking with real people, face-to-face. TV is stressful. The news and many shows are filled with stressful stories. Avoid these, and you may feel things are not so bad after all. TV keeps you from doing other things. The average person watches about four hours of TV every day. That is 19 hours a week or more than 1,000 hours a year. If that time were put ​into exercise, volunteering, talking with our children, etc. , think of what a different world it would be.

If you quit watching TV, you will gain back around 1,000 hours each year (on average). Depending on what you do with that time, you could reduce your health risks and increase your life expectancy.

When you add certain behaviors (such as smoking) to that list (which shortens life expectancy by up to 10 years), you get a list of things to avoid to protect your life expectancy.

Here’s the list:

Wear your seat belt. Drive defensively. Avoid situations that may lead to injury. Avoid risky sex. Avoid violent situations. Don’t smoke (or quit smoking if you do smoke). Maintain a healthy weight.

If you can do those things, then you are already increasing your life expectancy. Focus on avoiding obvious risks and dangers. Your body is pretty amazing and will keep going for a long time as long as you keep it out of trouble.